Phytophthora (genus)
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Source: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series - IPM Images
Author(s): Fred Brooks, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Source: IPM Images
Phytophthora de Bary (1876)
Phytophthora is an important genus of plant pathogenic oomycetes, containing a number of species which cause destructive diseases like late blight of potatoes or sudden oak death. These include rots and damping-off diseases, less frequently mildew-type infections. The species are either soilborne and infect the root system first or airborne, infecting primarily the leaves. However, the infections quickly invade other parts of the host, often causing plant death. Wet, moist and warm conditions promote the pathogens which easily disperse in water (e.g. rain splashes, irrigation or flood water).
The most common asexual reproductive organs are sporangia which are typically lemon-shaped or egg-shaped and produce zoospores. Many species also produce chlamydospores. Sexual reproduction and the formation of oospores is also known from most species. Phytophthora species can be homothallic (self-fertile) or heterothallic, requiring the contact between mating type A1 and mating type A2 for sexual reproduction. In some species homothallic as well as heterothallic strains are known.
Type species: Phytophthora infestans
Synonyms:
Peronophythora spp.
Currently, the following species have been entered into the system:
- Phytophthora agathidicida
- Phytophthora alni
- Phytophthora andina
- Phytophthora asparagi
- Phytophthora austrocedri
- Phytophthora boehmeriae
- Phytophthora brassicae
- Phytophthora cactorum
- Phytophthora cajani
- Phytophthora cambivora
- Phytophthora capsici
- Phytophthora cinnamomi
- Phytophthora citricola
- Phytophthora citrophthora
- Phytophthora clandestina
- Phytophthora colocasiae
- Phytophthora cryptogea
- Phytophthora drechsleri
- Phytophthora erythroseptica
- Phytophthora europaea
- Phytophthora fragariae
- Phytophthora gemini
- Phytophthora gonapodyides
- Phytophthora hedraiandra
- Phytophthora hibernalis
- Phytophthora ilicis
- Phytophthora infestans
- Phytophthora inundata
- Phytophthora kernoviae
- Phytophthora lacustris
- Phytophthora lateralis
- Phytophthora litchii
- Phytophthora medicaginis
- Phytophthora megakarya
- Phytophthora megasperma
- Phytophthora melonis
- Phytophthora multivora
- Phytophthora nemorosa
- Phytophthora nicotianae
- Phytophthora niederhauserii
- Phytophthora palmivora
- Phytophthora parasitica
- Phytophthora phaseoli
- Phytophthora pini
- Phytophthora pinifolia
- Phytophthora plurivora
- Phytophthora pluvialis
- Phytophthora porri
- Phytophthora pseudosyringae
- Phytophthora quercina
- Phytophthora ramorum
- Phytophthora rubi
- Phytophthora sansomeana
- Phytophthora siskiyouensis
- Phytophthora sojae
- Phytophthora syringae
- Phytophthora tentaculata
- Phytophthora tropicalis
- Phytophthora uniformis
- Phytophthora vignae
- Phytophthora ×multiformis
