Phytophthora citricola
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Phytophthora citricola Sawada 1927
The oomycete has a worldwide distribution and causes canker, root rot or crown rot on various fruit and forest trees like oak, beech, avocado or citrus. Other crops like strawberry may also become infected. On oak, roots are infected first, causing necrosis. The pathogen then spreads to the vascular system as well as to the leaves and leads to dieback or oak decline which can result in death of the tree. On beech, it causes bleeding cankers and also a decline disease. On avocado, it often causes crown rot and trunk or bark canker. The pathogen persist in the soil as oospores and disperses readily through vehicle tires. Control involves the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides (phosphonate) or cultural methods like avoiding water accumulations and removal of weeds.
Sporangia are egg-shaped to pear-shaped with a tapered base, around 35-70 µm long and 25-40 µm wide. Chlamydospores are rare and have been only observed on oatmeal agar. The species is homothallic and oospores are common. Oogonia are around 25-30 µm in diameter with a tapered base.
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