Fusarium sambucinum
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Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel 1870
The fungus causes dry rot on potatoes in the field and in storage. See also Neocosmospora solani for another important fungus causing dry rot. Losses in storage can reach 60% while planting infected tubers can kill the developing sprouts and result in up to 25% losses. The fungus can also produce mycotoxins. It enters the potato tubers through small wounds, usually after harvest and develops a dark brown or black rot which is dry. Control usually involves the postharvest application of fungicides. However, fungicide resistant strains have developed. Dry rot of potato can be also caused by other fungi, e.g. Fusarium coeruleum. F. sambucinum is widespread in potato-growing regions. It also infects various other crops, causing a variety of diseases.
The fungus develops pale orange sporodochia which produce spindle-shaped and curved macroconidia 30-50 x 4-5 µm, 3-5 septate, with a foot-shaped basal cell. Microconidia and chlamydospores are rare. Microconidia may be formed on the aerial mycelia. They are oval in shape and have either one or two cells. Ascospores are 3-septate, elliptical to spindle-shaped, curved and slightly narrower at the septa, about 20-30 × 6-10 μm large.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Trockenfäule der Kartoffel |
| • English: | potato dry rot dry rot of potato |
| • Español: | podredumbre fusariana de la patata |
| • Français: | pourriture sèche fusarienne de la pomme de terre |
Synonyms:
Fusarium roseum var. sambucinum
Fusarium sulphureum
Fusarium trichothecioides
Gibberella pulicaris
