Phytoplasma fraxini
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Author(s): Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University
Source: IPM Images
Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini Griffiths et al. (1999) - (ash yellows phytoplasma)
This phytoplasma has been reported from the Americas and Asia, infecting ash trees and various other plants. It belongs to subgroup A of the 16SrVII phytoplasma group. The ash yellows disease might have been in North America since the 1930s, but was not recognized until the early 1980s, due to the variability of symptoms and the problems of identifying phytoplasmas.
The symptoms include reduced growth, loss of apical dominance, suppressed root development, premature flowering, shoot proliferation, and witches’ brooms. Several other phytoplasmas can cause similar symptoms on ash trees. Infected ash trees are highly sensitive to frost damages, which appear as cracks of the bark at the base of the trunk. Although no specific insect vectors have been identified, there are some reports of the phytoplasma being present in Scaphoideus species.
| Vernacular names | |
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| • English: | lilac witches'-broom phytoplasma ash yellows phytoplasma |
For a review see Marcone et al. (2021).
- Other images of Phytoplasma fraxini (Wikimedia Commons and IPM Images - click to enlarge)
ash yellows symptoms
ash yellows symptoms
ash yellows symptoms on Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica infected by ash yellows
white ash Fraxinus americana trees dying of ash yellows phytoplasma
phyllody symptoms on Rudbeckia flowers
