Persoonia (2017) 38, 100-135

T. Jung, M.H. Jung, B. Scanu, D. Seress, G.M. Kovács, C. Maia, A. Pérez-Sierra, T.-T. Chang, A. Chandelier, K. Heungens, K. Van Poucke, P. Abad-Campos, M. Léon, S.O. Cacciola and J. Bakonyi (2017)
Six new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 7a including two sexually functional heterothallic hybrid species detected in natural ecosystems in Taiwan
Persoonia 38, 100-135
Abstract: During a survey of Phytophthora diversity in natural ecosystems in Taiwan six new species were detected. Multigene phylogeny based on the nuclear ITS, ß-tubulin and HSP90 and the mitochondrial cox1 and NADH1 gene sequences demonstrated that they belong to ITS Clade 7a with P. europaea, P. uniformis, P. rubi and P. cambivora being their closest relatives. All six new species differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, the breeding system, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. Four homothallic species, P. attenuata, P. flexuosa, P. formosa and P. intricata, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy forests of Fagus hayatae, Quercus glandulifera, Q. tarokoensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Chamaecyparis formosensis and Araucaria cunninghamii. Two heterothallic species, P. xheterohybrida and P. xincrassata, were exclusively detected in three forest streams. All P. xincrassata isolates belonged to the A2 mating type while isolates of P. xheterohybrida represented both mating types with oospore abortion rates according to Mendelian ratios (4–33 %). Multiple heterozygous positions in their ITS, ß-tubulin and HSP90 gene sequences indicate that P. xheterohybrida, P. xincrassata and P. cambivora are interspecific hybrids. Consequently, P. cambivora is redescribed as P. xcambivora without nomenclatural act. Pathogenicity trials on seedlings of Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica and Q. suber indicate that all six new species might pose a potential threat to European forests.
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Database assignments for author(s): Santa O. Cacciola, Thomas Jung, Anne Chandelier, Kurt Heungens, József Bakonyi, Kris Van Poucke

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
identification/taxonomy
surveys/sampling/distribution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Phytophthora cinnamomi	Cinnamomum (crop)	Taiwan
	Phytophthora europaea	Oak (Quercus)	France
	Phytophthora rubi	Raspberry/blackberry (Rubus)	United Kingdom
	Phytophthora uniformis	Alder (Alnus)	Germany
	Phytophthora ×multiformis	Alder (Alnus)	Croatia