Neotropical Entomology (2002) 31, 217-224

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Ranyse B. Querino, Regina C.B. De Moraes and Roberto A. Zucchi (2002)
Relative warp analysis to study morphological variations in the genital capsule of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Neotropical Entomology 31 (2), 217-224
Abstract: The influence of the host on the morphology of the male genital capsule of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was studied by geometric morphometric analysis. Specimens of the parasitoid obtained from 10 different Lepidoptera host species were used. Initially, landmarks were defined and Cartesian coordinates (x and y) for each landmark of the genital capsule of all specimens were obtained. The anatomic landmarks transformed to Cartesian coordinates were then analyzed by generalized orthogonal least-square procedure. Consensus configuration of the genital capsule for all specimens was obtained and partial and relative warps were determined. Fifteen landmarks generated 24 relative warps for each specimen. The ordination of the relative warps (a = 0), using shape components, separated T. pretiosum into four different hosts groups: (1 - Alabama argillacea (Hueb.), Helicoverpa zea (Bod.) and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.); 2 - Danaus plexippus erippus (Cramer), Hamadryas feronia (Linn.) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); 3 - Anticarsia gemmatalis Hueb., Bonagota cranaodes Meirick and Diaphania sp. and 4 - Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller). The two first axes of the relative warps explained 83.0% of the total variation of the genital capsule shape of the specimens. The main difference was at the anterior region of the posterior extension of the dorsal lamina of the genital capsule. Although results obtained were initial and exploratory they have demonstrated that subtle shape differences in the male genital capsule can be detected by geometric morphometric analysis.

A influência dos hospedeiros sobre a morfologia da cápsula genital masculina de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley foi estudada por meio das análises de morfometria geométrica. Foram utilizados espécimes de T. pretiosum obtidos de 10 espécies de hospedeiros da ordem Lepidoptera. Inicialmente, estabeleceram-se os marcos anatômicos e foram obtidas as coordenadas cartesianas (x e y) de cada marco para as cápsulas genitais de todos os espécimes. Os marcos anatômicos transformados em coordenadas cartesianas foram analisados pelo método de superposição ortogonal pelos quadrados mínimos. Obteve-se uma configuração de consenso da cápsula genital para todos os espécimes e, em seguida, determinaram-se as deformações parciais e relativas. Quinze marcos geraram 24 deformações relativas para cada espécime. As ordenações das deformações relativas (a = 0), usando os componentes de forma, separaram T. pretiosum em quatro grupos segundo o hospedeiro (1 - Alabama argillacea (Hueb.), Helicoverpa zea (Bod.) e Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.); 2 - Danaus plexippus erippus (Cramer), Hamadryas feronia (Linn.) e Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); 3 - Anticarsia gemmatalis Hueb., Bonagota cranaodes Meirick e Diaphania sp. e 4 - Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller). Os dois primeiros eixos das deformações relativas explicaram 83,0% da variação total da forma dos espécimes. As principais diferenças na forma ocorreram na região anterior da extensão posterior da lâmina dorsal e da cápsula genital. Os resultados obtidos são iniciais e exploratórios, demonstrando que sutis diferenças na forma das cápsulas genitais masculinas de T. pretiosum podem ser detectadas por meio das análises de morfometria geométrica.
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
general biology - morphology - evolution


Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial Pest/Disease/Weed Crop/Product Country Quarant.


Helicoverpa zea Brazil (south)
Anticarsia gemmatalis Brazil (south)
Spodoptera frugiperda Brazil (south)
Diatraea saccharalis Brazil (south)
Alabama argillacea Brazil (NE)
Bonagota salubricola Brazil (south)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Helicoverpa zea Brazil (south)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Anticarsia gemmatalis Brazil (south)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Spodoptera frugiperda Brazil (south)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Diatraea saccharalis Brazil (south)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Alabama argillacea Brazil (NE)
Trichogramma pretiosum (parasitoid) Bonagota salubricola Brazil (south)