Moniliophthora roreri
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Author(s): Brantlee Spakes Richter, University of Florida
Source: IMP Images
Author(s): Brantlee Spakes Richter, University of Florida
Source: IMP Images
Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. 1933) H.C. Evans, Stalpers, Samson & Benny 1978 - (frosty pod rot of cacao)
This fungus infects cacao pods in Central and northern South America. The lesions may extend over most parts of the pods and under humid conditions are covered by a mycelial layer, giving it a characteristic white appearance. Disease losses caused by frosty pod rot can reach 90% and result in abandonment of a plantation. It is of major quarantine concern to cacao-growing areas outside its current distribution range like western Africa, tropical parts of Asia and southern parts of South America like Brazil.
Apart from fungicides, management options include removal and destruction of infected pods. Resistant cultivars are under development. Unlike its close relative, Moniliophthora perniciosa, causing witches'-broom of cacao, no sexual forms of the fungus are known and it does not infect the leaves of the cacao tree, only the pods. Spores spread by wind, rain and human activity.
For reviews of this species see Marelli et al. (2019) and Bailey et al. (2018).
Synonyms:
Crinipellis roreri
Monilia roreri
