View source for Journal of Pest Science (2014) 87, 295-300

{{Publication
|Publication authors=Kabita Kharel, [[Frank H. Arthur]], [[Kun Yan Zhu]] and [[James F. Campbell]]
|Author Page=Frank H. Arthur, Kun Yan Zhu, James F. Campbell
|Publication date=2014
|dc:title=Susceptibility of different life stages of ''[[Tribolium confusum]]'' to pyrethrin aerosol: effects of a flour food source on insecticidal efficacy
|Publication journal=Journal of Pest Science
|prism:volume=87 (2)
|prism:startingPage=295
|Last page=300
|DOI=10.1007/s10340-013-0549-z
|Publication abstract=Accumulated grain dust and flour residues in flour mills can potentially decrease the efficacy of contact surface treatments and aerosol insecticides used for control of adult and immature stages of stored product insects. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flour residues on the efficacy of piperonyl butoxide-synergized pyrethrin aerosol against different life stages of the confused flour beetle, ''Tribolium confusum'' Jacquelin du Val. Twenty individual adults, pupae, or larvae of ''T. confusum'', confined in Petri dishes containing 0, 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 g of wheat flour, were exposed separately inside an empty shed to the label rate of the aerosol. The formulation contained 1 % active ingredient pyrethrin and the label application rate was 1.04 ml/m<sup>3</sup>. After 2 h of exposure, all dishes were removed from the shed and placed in an incubator set at 27 °C and 60 % RH. Mortality of ''T. confusum'' adults decreased with increasing amount of flour. Recovery of moribund adults 15 days after exposure was greater in the 5 and 10 g flour dishes (15 and 46 %) compared to the 0.1 or 1 g flour dishes (0.7 and 5 %). As the flour amounts increased, more larvae and pupae were able to emerge as adults. Results show accumulated flour residues during aerosol application can compromise aerosol efficacy, and also suggest the flour impaired penetration ability of the aerosol. These results also emphasize the importance of sanitation and cleaning to remove spillage and extraneous material prior to an aerosol application.
|AbstractCC=Yes
|Research topic=control - general
|Is book=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Tribolium confusum
|Crop=Flour/bran
|Country=U.S.A. (mid S)
|Quarantined=No
}}