View source for BioControl (1999) 44, 347-367

{{Publication
|Publication authors=[[J.P. Michaud]]
|Author Page=J.P. Michaud
|Publication date=1999
|dc:title=Sources of mortality in colonies of brown citrus aphid, ''[[Aphis citricidus|Toxoptera citricida]] ''
|Publication journal=BioControl
|prism:volume=44 (3)
|prism:startingPage=347
|Last page=367
|DOI=10.1023/A%3A1009955816396
|Publication abstract=Sixteen cohorts of the brown citrus aphid, ''Toxoptera citricida'', were followed from colony initiation to maturation/extinction in citrus groves at two sites in Puerto Rico and nine sites in Florida, USA. Infested citrus terminals were sampled repeatedly in a non-destructive manner and data recorded on the recruitment of natural enemies and the fate of aphid colonies. Coccinellidae were the most efficient predators of ''T. citricida'', primarily ''Cycloneda sanguinea'', and ''Coelophora inaequalis'' (Puerto Rico), ''C. sanguinea, Harmonia axyridis'' (Florida). Coccinellids were abundant in citrus year-round in Puerto Rico, but in Florida citrus their abundance peaked in spring and declined thereafter. Syrphid flies were other important predators, especially ''Pseudodorus clavatus'' (Florida and Puerto Rico) and ''Ocyptamus fuscipennis'' (Puerto Rico). Syrphids increased in abundance from spring to fall in both regions. Other predators included ''Cereaochrysa lineaticornis, Chrysoperla rufilabris'' (Chrysopidae) and ''Micromus posticus'' (Hemerobiidae). The parasitoid ''Lysiphlebus testaceipes'' was ubiquitous in ''T. citricida'' cohorts, but its impact on colony survival was usually low. The fungal pathogen ''Verticillium lecanii'' was a significant source of colony mortality at one site in Puerto Rico, but was not observed on ''T. citricida'' in Florida.
|AbstractCC=Yes
|Research topic=biocontrol - natural enemies
|Benf research=surveys/distribution/isolation
|Research2B=population dynamics/epizootiology
|Is book=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
|Quarantined=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
|Quarantined=No
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Chrysoperla rufilabris (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Harmonia axyridis (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Lysiphlebus testaceipes (parasitoid)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Akanthomyces muscarius (entomopathogen)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Coelophora inaequalis (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Cycloneda sanguinea (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Cycloneda sanguinea (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Ocyptamus fuscipennis (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Micromus posticus (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Pseudodorus clavatus (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=Puerto Rico
}}
{{Beneficial record
|Beneficial=Pseudodorus clavatus (predator)
|Pest=Aphis citricidus
|Crop=Citrus (genus)
|Country=U.S.A. (SE)
}}