Xanthomonas oryzae
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Author(s): Donald Groth, Louisiana State University AgCenter
Source: IPM Images
Xanthomonas oryzae (ex Ishiyama 1922) Swings et al. 1990 - (bacterial blight of rice)
The bacterium is found in tropical and subtropical rice growing parts of Asia and in other regions. Apart from rice, several species of grasses can also become infected. It can cause crop losses of more than 50%. The leaves of infected plants have pale yellow or whitish, longitudinal lesions, starting at the tips. The disease results in wilting and often in plant death.
Small droplets, filled with bacteria, ooze from the lesions and the bacterium then disperses through wind, rain splashes or irrigation water. It enters the plants through small wounds in the roots or leaves. The disease persists in plant debris and weedy hosts. Seeds may also contain the bacterium. Although it is not clear if these seeds develop into infected seedlings, they can introduce the bacterium into the environment and can be involved in long distance spread of the disease. Management relies mainly on resistant cultivars and the use of bactericides. However, various pathotypes of the bacterium have been described and some resistance genes are not effective against all pathotypes.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Weissblättrigkeit des Reises Bakterielle Blattstreifigkeit des Reises |
| • English: | bacterial blight of rice bacterial leaf streak of rice |
| • Español: | mancha foliares bacteriana del arroz rayado bacteriano de la hoja del arroz |
| • Français: | maladie bactérienne du riz maladie des stries bactériennes du riz |
The bacterium is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, with a single polar flagellum and approximately 1-2 x ½ µm in size. Two pathovars of this species have been described:
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. - causes bacterial blight of rice.
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Fang et al.) Swings et al. - causes bacterial leaf streak of rice.
Both have a similar host range and cause similar symptoms. In X. o. pv. oryzae the lesions have wavy edges whereas they have linear margins in X. o. pv. oryzicola. X. o. pv. oryzae is clearly economically more important.
Synonyms:
Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola
Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas translucens f.sp. oryzicola
- Other images of Xanthomonas oryzae (IPM Images - click to enlarge)
droplets of bacterial exudates on rice leaf
symptoms on rice leaves
