Studies in Mycology (2009) 64, 17-47

P.W. Crous, C.L. Schoch, K.D. Hyde, A.R. Wood, C. Gueidan, G.S. de Hoog and J.Z. Groenewald (2009)
Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales
Studies in Mycology 64, 17-47
Abstract: The Capnodiales incorporates plant and human pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes. Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals. The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the Capnodiales, and resolve families within the order. We designed primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the Capnodiaceae (sooty moulds), and the Davidiellaceae, which contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates families of major plant pathological importance such as the Mycosphaerellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae. The Piedraiaceae was not supported, but resolves in the Teratosphaeriaceae. The Dissoconiaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Dissoconium and Ramichloridium. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive state.
Taxonomic novelties: Brunneosphaerella Crous, gen. nov., B. jonkershoekensis (Marinc., M.J. Wingf. and Crous) Crous, comb. nov., B. protearum (Syd. and P. Syd.) Crous, comb. nov., Devriesia hilliana Crous and U. Braun, sp. nov., D. lagerstroemiae Crous and M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., D. strelitziicola Arzanlou and Crous, sp. nov., Dissoconiaceae Crous and de Hoog, fam. nov., Hortaea thailandica Crous and K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., Passalora ageratinae Crous and A.R. Wood, sp. nov., P. armatae Crous and A.R. Wood, sp. nov., Rachicladosporium cboliae Crous, sp. nov.
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Database assignments for author(s): Conrad L. Schoch, Pedro W. Crous, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Alan R. Wood

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
identification/taxonomy
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
identification/taxonomy

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Ageratina adenophora (weed)		South Africa
	Brunneosphaerella protearum		South Africa
Passalora ageratinae (weed pathogen)	Ageratina adenophora (weed)		South Africa