Phyllachora maydis
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Author(s): CIMMYT
Source: Flickr
Phyllachora maydis Maubl. 1904 - (tar spot of maize)
This fungus is widely distributed in the Americas and causes the tar spot disease of maize. It has been previously described from different parts of Central and South America, and has been reported from the U.S. since 2015. The impact on the crop can be significant and yield losses of more than 50% have been estimated in some studies.
Development of the disease is favoured by moderate temperatures (16–21°C), a daily average relative humidity of >75%, and at least 7 h of free moisture on the foliage. The fruiting bodies (perithecia) are small and black. They may be surrounded by a necrotic lesion, producing a 'fisheye lesion'. The perithecia release ascospores that disperse by wind and rain.
For a reviews see Kleczewski et al. (2020) and Valle-Torres et al. (2020).
