Ophiostoma ulmi
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Author(s): Bruce Watt, University of Maine
Source: IPM Images
Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman 1932) Melin & Nannf. 1934 (teleomorph) - Dutch elm disease
This fungus was introduced into Europe, probably from Asia, around the turn of the 20th century and has caused serious losses among elm trees. It subsequently spread to North America and was first recorded there in 1928. The disease incidence declined later, but flared up again through the introduction of the related (and more pathogenic) Ophiostoma novo-ulmi from Eastern Europe starting in the 1940s. It is transmitted by elm-infesting bark beetles.
Symptoms of O. ulmi emerge in early summer and appear as clusters of wilting or yellowing leaves that turn brown and fall. As the disease progresses throughout the tree, mixtures of healthy and diseased foliage appear. Die-back of shoots follows and ultimately susceptible elm species will die. O. ulmi affects mainly the xylem, and dark brown streaks can be seen when cutting the wood of infected trees.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Holländische Ulmenkrankheit |
| • English: | Dutch elm disease (O. ulmi) |
| • Français: | maladie hollandaise de l'orm (O. ulmi) |
Synonyms:
Ceratocystis ulmi
Graphium ulmi
Pesotum ulmi
- Other images of Ophiostoma ulmi (IPM Images - click to enlarge)
agar culture
synnema with asexual conidia
synnema
synnema
synnema in gallery of bark beetle vector
symptoms in elm branch
killed elm
infestation on elm trees (Ulmus americana)
symptoms in elm branch
