Annual Review of Entomology (1998) 43, 571-594

C.W. Hoy, G.P. Head and F.R. Hall (1998)
Spatial heterogeneity and insect adaptation to toxins
Annual Review of Entomology 43, 571-594
Abstract: Behavioral responses of insect herbivores to toxins are examined in managed and natural systems with reference to two important but largely ignored factors: heterogeneity in toxin distributions and the nature of the relationship between behavioral responses and physiological adaptation to the same toxins. Heterogeneous toxin distributions, which provide the opportunity for behavioral responses, are ubiquitous in managed and natural systems. Insect herbivores have evolved a wide variety of behavioral responses to such toxins. The nature of behavioral responses reflects toxin apparency, mode of action, and the extent to which sublethal effects influence behavior. The interaction between these behavioral responses to heterogeneously distributed toxins and physiological mechanisms of tolerance has influenced the evolution of insecticide resistance in managed systems and the evolution of plant defensive strategies in natural systems. An understanding of this interaction could lead to more evolutionarily stable methods of crop protection.
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Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Casey W. Hoy, Graham Head

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
review
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
review

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Plutella xylostella
	Anopheles gambiae
	Anopheles stephensi
	Schistocerca americana
Bacillus thuringiensis (entomopathogen)