View source for PLoS ONE (2019) 14 (2 - e0212024)

{{Publication
|Publication authors=Stanislas Elysée Mandeng, Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene, Jude D. Bigoga, Wolfgang Eyisap Ekoko, Jérome Binyang, Michael Piameu, Lili Ranaise Mbakop, Betrand Nono Fesuh, Narcisse Mvondo, Raymond Tabue, Philippe Nwane, Rémy Mimpfoundi, Jean Claude Toto, Immo Kleinschmidt, Tessa Bellamy Knox, Abraham Peter Mnzava, [[Martin J. Donnelly|Martin James Donnelly]], Etienne Fondjo and [[Josiane Etang]]
|Author Page=Martin J. Donnelly, Josiane Etang
|Publication date=2019
|dc:title=Spatial and temporal development of deltamethrin resistance in malaria vectors of the ''Anopheles gambiae'' complex from North Cameroon
|Publication journal=PLoS ONE
|prism:volume=14 (2 - e0212024)
|External link=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212024
|Publication abstract=The effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control interventions in Africa is threatened by the spread and intensification of pyrethroid resistance in targeted mosquito populations. The present study aimed at investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of deltamethrin resistance in ''An''. ''gambiae s''.''l''. populations from North Cameroon. Mosquito larvae were collected from 24 settings of the Garoua, Pitoa and Mayo Oulo Health Districts (HDs) from 2011 to 2015. Two to five days old female ''An''. ''gambiae s''.''l''. emerging from larval collections were tested for deltamethrin resistance using the World Health Organization's (WHO) standard protocol. Sub samples of test mosquitoes were identified to species using PCR-RFLP and genotyped for knockdown resistance alleles (''Kdr'' 1014F and 1014S) using Hot Ligation Oligonucleotide Assay (HOLA). All the tested mosquitoes were identified as belonging to the ''An''. ''gambiae'' complex, including 3 sibling species mostly represented by ''Anopheles arabiensis'' (67.6%), followed by ''Anopheles coluzzii'' (25.4%) and ''Anopheles gambiae'' (7%). Deltamethrin resistance frequencies increased significantly between 2011 and 2015, with mosquito mortality rates declining from 70–85% to 49–73% in the three HDs (Jonckheere-Terstra test statistic (''JT)'' = 5638, ''P''< 0.001), although a temporary increase of mortality rates (91–97%) was seen in the Pitoa and Mayo Oulo HDs in 2012. Overall, confirmed resistance emerged in 10 ''An''. ''gambiae s''.''l''. populations over the 24 field populations monitored during the study period, from 2011 to 2015. Phenotypic resistance was mostly found in urban settings compared with semi-urban and rural settings (''JT'' = 5282, ''P''< 0.0001), with a spatial autocorrelation between neighboring localities. The ''Kdr'' 1014F allelic frequencies in study HDs increased from 0–30% in 2011 to 18–61% in 2014–2015 (''JT'' = 620, ''P'' <0.001), especially in ''An''. ''coluzzii'' samples. The overall frequency of the ''Kdr'' 1014S allele was 0.1%. This study revealed a rapid increase and widespread deltamethrin resistance frequency as well as ''Kdr'' 1014F allelic frequencies in ''An''. ''gambiae s''.''l''. populations over time, emphasizing the urgent need for vector surveillance and insecticide resistance management strategies in Cameroon.
|AbstractCC=Yes
|Research topic=pesticide resistance of pest
|Is book=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Anopheles gambiae
|Country=Cameroon
|Quarantined=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Anopheles arabiensis
|Country=Cameroon
|Quarantined=No
}}
{{Pest record
|Pest=Anopheles coluzzii
|Country=Cameroon
|Quarantined=No
}}