Peronospora variabilis
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Authors: Willem N. Ellis
Source: Plant Parasites of Europe
Peronospora variabilis Gäum. 1919 - (quinoa downy mildew)
This oomycete is widely distributed and infects Chenopodium species and other Amaranthaceae. Apart from quinoa crops (Chenopodium quinoa), it also infects several weed species like Chenopodium album. Infections develop under cool and rainy conditions, often leading to early defoliation (Choi et al., 2014). In tolerant cultivars, yield losses of up to 30-50% have been reported, and an almost complete yield loss in susceptible cultivars under conditions of high humidity (Colque-Little et al., 2021).
The symptoms are similar to other downy mildews and include small to large, irregular chlorotic areas on the upper leaf surface with a grey mildew developing on the abaxial surface. Sporangia are pale to greyish-brown, egg-shaped and have a size of around 30 x 23 µm. They are often referred to as conidia, because they can germinate directly. After several cycles of producing sporangia, P. variabilis forms orange oospores in autumn which overwinter in plant debris or the soil.
Synonyms:
Peronospora farinosa f.sp. chenopodii
