Melampsoridium betulinum
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Melampsoridium betulinum symptoms on Alnus incana (click on image to enlarge it)
Author(s): Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia
Source: IPM Images
Author(s): Andrej Kunca, National Forest Centre - Slovakia
Source: IPM Images
Melampsoridium betulinum uredia and urediniospore (click on image to enlarge it)
Source: Plant Parasites of Europe
Source: Plant Parasites of Europe
Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. 1899 - (birch rust)
This rust fungus infects birch trees (rarely alder trees) in Europe, Asia and North America. On birch, epidemics regularly develop in some countries (Ericson & Burdon, 2009).
The uredia form on the lower leaf surface as small, orange pustules. In autumn telia develop which are first yellowish brown and later turn dark and become black. The aecial stage infects larch trees in spring, forming small (0.5 mm) pale orange peridia which release the aeciospores in threads.
