Journal of Economic Entomology (2018) 111, 1947-1957

Beibei Li and Bhadriraju Subramanyam (2018)
Toxicity of chlorine dioxide gas to phosphine-susceptible and -resistant adults of five stored-product insect species: Influence of temperature and food during gas exposure
Journal of Economic Entomology 111 (4), 1947-1957
Abstract: Adults of phosphine-susceptible and -resistant strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), were exposed for 2–12 h to a chlorine dioxide gas concentration of 1.40 g/m³ (520 ppm) in an outdoor trailer during July and October of 2015. The mean ± SE temperatures in July and October were 32.8 ± 0.5°C and 24.8 ± 0.6°C, respectively. In July, complete mortality after 5 d was achieved for all species and strains in vials with wheat after a 4- or 8-h exposure; in October, a longer exposure time was needed for complete mortality of insects in vials with wheat. Chlorine dioxide was more toxic to all insect species and strains at warmer than cooler temperature and in vials without wheat than those with wheat. Both phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains were equally susceptible to chlorine dioxide. The presence of wheat resulted in delayed mortality of insects because of reaction of chlorine dioxide with active sites on kernels. Progeny production 8 wk after chlorine dioxide exposure showed a significant reduction (72–100%), compared with that in control vials for strains of R. dominica, S. zeamais, and S. oryzae. There was no progeny production in control and treatment vials for T. castaneum and O. surinamensis, as these species require dockage. Chlorine dioxide is a potential fumigant to control phosphine-resistant strains of the five stored-product insect species.
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Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Bhadriraju Subramanyam

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Tribolium castaneum	Stored grain
	Sitophilus oryzae	Stored grain
	Sitophilus zeamais	Stored grain
	Oryzaephilus surinamensis	Stored grain
	Rhyzopertha dominica	Stored grain