Journal of Economic Entomology (1994) 87, 1014-1021

R.S. Cowles and M.G. Villani (1994)
Soil interactions with chemical insecticides and nematodes used for control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae
Journal of Economic Entomology 87 (4), 1014-1021
Abstract: Mortality of last-instar Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, was highest when exposed to isazophos, bendiocarb, and chlorpyrifos in 30-ml arenas containing California soils in laboratory assays. Carbaryl and two nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and Steinernema glaseri (Steiner), were less effective treatments in these arenas. Soil x treatment (insecticides and nematodes) interactions were highly significant, often changing larvicide rank order of efficacy within soils. Soil characteristics identified by regression analysis as affecting insecticidal activity were organic matter (chlorpyrifos, bendiocarb, and S. glaseri) and pH (carbaryl and isazophos). In arenas (7.6-cm diameter by 15 cm) simulating turf conditions, S. glaseri was the most effective treatment, followed by chlorpyrifos, then bendiocarb. The influence of irrigation on improving insecticide efficacy increased with higher soil organic matter. Because no treatment was completely effective against larvae, eradication of Japanese beetles cannot depend entirely on control tactics directed against the immature stages.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Database assignments for author(s): Richard S. Cowles

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
general biology - morphology - evolution
environment/habitat manipulation

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Popillia japonica
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora/Photorhabdus (entomopathogen)	Popillia japonica
Steinernema glaseri/Xenorhabdus poinarii (entomopathogen)	Popillia japonica