Coconut cadang-cadang viroid
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coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd)
The cadang-cadang viroid causes a lethal disease of coconut palms in some parts of the Philippines (Randles 1975 and Randles et al. 1977). The viroid molecule is smaller than the potato spindle tuber viroid, cicular and has a looped secondary structure (Randles et al. 1976, Randles and Hatta 1979).
Author(s): Tamara Giguère, Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama and Jean-Pierre Perreault
Source: PLoS ONE, 2014, 9 (6) e98655
Devastating outbreaks of the disease have occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. The disease progresses slowly in coconut palms, 7-16 years between the appearance of the first symptoms to death of the palm (Zelazny and Niven 1980). Little is known about the natural spread and epidemiology of the disease, but transmission by pollen and seeds can occur (Pacumbaba et al. 1994).
The first symptoms are the appearance of small, rounded nuts. After a few years nut production stops, older fronds drop and remaining fronds are shorter and have yellow spots. In the final stage of the disease the crown is reduced to a tuft of short yellow fronds.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Kokosnuß-cadang-cadang-Viroid |
| • English: | coconut cadang-cadang viroid |
| • Français: | viroïde cadang-cadang du cocotier |
- Other images of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (Open Media - click to enlarge)
symptoms on mature palms
electron micrograph of circular, denatured ccRNA-2 molecules, scale = 300 nanometers
Diagrams of molecules of the Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (ccRNA-1) on the left and the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) on the right. The horizontal lines represent hydrogen bonds and the vertical bar between both molecules marks a section of identical base sequences in both viroids
distribution of the coconut cadang-cadang disease in the Philippines around 1980, asterisks indicate isolated disease pockets
the development of the cadang-cadang epidemic in two provinces of the Philippines
