Toxoneuron bicolor (parasitoid)
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Author(s): Sally V. Taylor, Hannah J. Burrack, R. Michael Ro, Jack S. Bacheler and Clyde E. Sorenson
Source: PLoS ONE, 2015, 10 (12) e0144598
Toxoneuron bicolor (parasitoid) Szepligeti, 1902
The species is a koinobiont endoparasitoid of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens. It can also parasitize other Noctuidae in North America, but might not complete its development in species outside the genus Heliothis.
It feeds nondestructively on the hemolymph of its host during instars 1 to 3. The host can continue feeding at a reduced rate at that time. During its late third instar, however, it leaves the host but remains anchored to it with its posterior end and then feeds destructively on the host from the outside. The external feeding phase lasts for several hours after which it forms a cocoon and pupates.
For details on the biology of this species see Henderson et al., 2015.
Synonyms:
Cardiochiles nigriceps
Toxoneuron nigriceps
