Studies in Mycology (2011) 68, 57-78

P. Chaverri, C. Salgado, Y. Hirooka, A.Y. Rossman and G.J. Samuels (2011)
Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs
Studies in Mycology 68, 57-78
Abstract: Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. coccinea-group and Cylindrocarpon groups 1 and 4 (Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto); (2) N. rugulosa-group (Rugonectria gen. nov.); (3) N. mammoidea/N. veuillotiana-groups and Cylindrocarpon group 2 (Thelonectria gen. nov.); (4) N. radicicola-group and Cylindrocarpon group 3 (Ilyonectria gen. nov.); and (5) anamorph genus Campylocarpon. Characteristics of the anamorphs and teleomorphs correlate with the five genera, three of which are newly described. New combinations are made for species where their classification is confirmed by phylogenetic data.
Taxonomic novelties: Ilyonectria P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, gen. nov.; Ilyonectria coprosmae (Dingley) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria liriodendri (Halleen et al.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria macrodydima (Halleen, Schroers and Crous) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria radicicola (Gerlach and L. Nilsoon) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Rugonectria P. Chaverri and Samuels, gen. nov.; Rugonectria castaneicola (W. Yamam. and Oyasu) Hirooka and P. Chaverri, comb. nov; Rugonectria neobalansae (Samuels) P. Chaverri and Samuels, comb. nov.; Rugonectria rugulosa (Pat. and Gaill.) Samuels, P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, gen. nov.; Thelonectria coronata (Penz. and Sacc.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria discophora (Mont.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria jungneri (Henn.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria lucida (Höhnel) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria olida (Wollenw.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov; Thelonectria trachosa (Samuels and Brayford) Samuels, P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria veuillotiana (Sacc. and Roum.) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria viridispora (Samuels and Brayford) P. Chaverri, C. Salgado, and Samuels, comb. nov.; Thelonectria westlandica (Dingley) P. Chaverri and C. Salgado, comb. nov.
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Database assignments for author(s): Priscila Chaverri, Amy Y. Rossman, Yuuri Hirooka

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
identification/taxonomy

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Ilyonectria destructans
	Campylocarpon (anamorphic genus)
	Dactylonectria macrodidyma
	Rugonectria rugulosa
	Ilyonectria liriodendri