Sitona lineatus
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Author(s): Natasha Wright, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Source: IPM Images
Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) - (pea weevil)
This weevil is an oligophagous pest attacking a number of legume crops like pea, faba bean, alfalfa and clover. The larvae feed on the root nodules, resulting in nitrogen deficiency and yield losses, while the adults feed on the leaf-margins. S. lineatus is native to Europe and northern Africa, but has spread to North America and other regions. In North America, it was first recorded in British Columbia, Canada in 1936 and has since spread eastwards and south.
Adult feeding creates characteristic 'U'-shaped notches along the leaf margins. The larvae can destroy 90% of the root nodules and might reach a density of several thousands per m2. Under greenhouse conditions, 100 eggs per plant translates into a yield loss of 27%.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Gestreifter Blattrandkäfer Linierter Blattrandkäfer Erbsenblattrandkäfer |
| • English: | pea weevil pea leaf weevil |
| • Español: | sitona del guisante |
| • Français: | sitone du pois charançon rayé du pois |
Management relies largely on the use of pesticides, applied when monitoring indicates high population levels. Pheromone traps are under development. Certain cultural control methods like crop rotation are also recommended. Biological control agents are known, but little research has been done on their application in North America. There is further little information on host plant resistance.
The adults are 4-5 mm long and dark grey-brown with yellowish spots arranged in rows. They overwinter on perennial plants or in litter on the soil in a type of diapause and become active in spring. Various legumes serve as host plants, but there is a clear preference for peas and faba beans. Under laboratory conditions, more eggs are produced on peas compared to other host plants like alfalfa.
Eggs are laid into crack in the ground near host plants. The larvae develop in the soil, feeding on Rhizobium nodules. The development time from eggs, over 5 larval stages, to mature adults lasts for about 3 months. The larvae pupate in the soil and the young adults emerge from the soil in the summer and start feeding before searching for an overwintering site. There is one generation per year.
For a review see Cárcamo et al. (2018).
- Other images of Sitona lineatus (Wikimedia Commons, IPM Images and PaDIL - click to enlarge)
Sitona lineatus
pea weevil
head
head
antenna
pronotum
posterior end
