Plants (2021) 10 (12 - 2630)

Saira Jazmín Martínez-Salgado, Petra Andrade-Hoyos, Conrado Parraguirre Lezama, Antonio Rivera-Tapia, Alfonso Luna-Cruz and Omar Romero-Arenas (2021)
Biological control of charcoal rot in peanut crop through strains of Trichoderma spp., in Puebla, Mexico
Plants 10 (12 - 2630)
Abstract: Charcoal rot is an emerging disease for peanut crops caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In Mexico, peanut crop represents an important productive activity for various rural areas; however, charcoal rot affects producers economically. The objectives of this research were: (a) to identify and morphologically characterize the strain "PUE 4.0" associated with charcoal rot of peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez, belonging to the municipality of Chietla in Puebla, Mexico; (b) determine the in vitro and in vivo antagonist activity of five Trichoderma species on M. phaseolina, and (c) determine the effect of the incidence of the disease on peanut production in the field. Vegetable tissue samples were collected from peanut crops in Puebla, Mexico with the presence of symptoms of charcoal rot at the stem and root level. The "PUE 4.0" strain presented 100% identity with M. phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot in peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez. T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions, in addition, T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha^-1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions. The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha^-1) where elongated reddish-brown lesions were observed that covered 40% of the total surface of the main root.
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
evaluation - screening - selection

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Macrophomina phaseolina	Groundnut/peanut (Arachis hypogaea)	Mexico
Trichoderma koningiopsis (antagonist)	Macrophomina phaseolina	Groundnut/peanut (Arachis hypogaea)	Mexico