Plant Disease (2005) 89, 1051-1059

Elsa Petit and Walter Douglas Gubler (2005)
Characterization of Cylindrocarpon species, the cause of black foot disease of grapevine in California
Plant Disease 89 (10), 1051-1059
Abstract: This study investigated phylogenetic divergence, morphological difference, and pathogenic variation among Cylindrocarpon species isolates associated with black foot disease of grapevine (Vitis sp.) in California. To assess phylogenetic divergence, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), partial beta-tubulin (BT) gene introns and exons, and the small subunit mitochondrial rDNA. Isolates associated with black foot disease belonged to two paraphyletic species, Cylindrocarpon destructans and C. macrodidymum. The morphology of these isolates was in agreement with published descriptions of both species. We found that C. macrodidymum isolates were reliably distinguishable from C. destructans isolates in culture by a unique orange-dark brown colony color on 2% malt extract agar and genetically by a species-specific 52-bp DNA insertion in the BT region. Selected isolates of each species inoculated onto grapevine rootstock 5C caused typical black foot disease symptoms. This is the first report of C. macrodidymum in California.
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Database assignments for author(s): Walter D. Gubler

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
identification/taxonomy
surveys/sampling/distribution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Dactylonectria macrodidyma	Grapevine (Vitis)	U.S.A. (SW)
	Ilyonectria liriodendri	Grapevine (Vitis)	U.S.A. (SW)