Phytoparasitica (2022) 50, 453-463

Mamuna Ijaz and Sarfraz Ali Shad (2022)
Realized heritability, cross-resistance and high risk of resistance development to spirotetramat in dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), an emerging threat to BT cotton in Pakistan
Phytoparasitica 50 (2), 453-463
Abstract: The dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa is an important pest of cotton that causes significant losses. This pest has been exposed to different insecticides in the field and has developed resistance to different modes of action. Insecticide resistance is a big challenge and poses serious threats to the efficacy of insecticides around the world. Experiments to preserve the efficacy of novel mode of actions like spirotetramat are consequently necessary for effective insect pest management. To develop a proactive resistance management program for O. hyalinipennis this study was aimed at predicting the risk of resistance development to spirotetramat. Heritability and cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate, triazophos, and bifenthrin were also measured. A field collected population developed a 1230-fold and 4.08-fold spirotetramat resistance after selection of 19 generations with spirotetramat when compared with Lab-pop and field population (G₁). Low levels of cross-resistance to bifenthrin while no cross resistance to emamectin benzoate and triazophos was observed. Realized heritability of resistance to spirotetramat, emamectin benzoate, triazophos and bifenthrin was 0.15, 0.04, 0.12 and 0.28, respectively. Results of projected rate of resistance indicated that 11 generations would be required for ten-fold increase in spirotetramat resistance when insect mortality was 50 %. Although risk for resistance development is high, lack of cross-resistance to other insecticides makes spirotetramat suitable for use in rotation with other insecticides. Results of our study can importantly contribute in development of a comprehensive resistance management plan for spirotetramat resistance in O. hyalinipennis.
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
pesticide resistance of pest

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Oxycarenus hyalinipennis	Cotton (Gossypium)	Pakistan