Phytoparasitica (2002) 30, p. 213 (Tanaka et al.)

Keiji Tanaka, Reiji Ichinose and Kinji Tanizawa (2002)
Development of milbemectin as a trunk injection agent against pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Phytoparasitica 30 (2), 213-213
2nd Israel - Japan Workshop - Ecologically Sound New Plant Protection Technologies, Sept. 1 - 6, 2001, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract: A trunk injection of nematicidal compounds to pine trees has been recognized to be a practical and effective method to control pine wilt disease. The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle, is the causal agent of this disease of Japanese black and red pines. This nematode is transmitted to healthy pine trees by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, during their maturation feeding on twigs. From the twigs the nematodes are known to spread down throughout the trunk of the pine tree within a couple of days, and to induce cavitation - which causes water deficit throughout the trunk and finally leads to death of the tree. Milbemectin, a mixture of milbemycin A₃ and milbemycin A₄ exerts potent anti-nematodal activity against the pine wood nematode. When it was injected into the trunk of a pine tree, it was found to be widely distributed inside the trunk and branches of the tree, and killed the nematodes before they caused fatal wilt of the tree. The site of transmission of the nematodes by the Japanese pine sawyer is a new twig of this year's growth. Therefore, milbemectin must be distributed not only throughout the inside of the trunk but also to the twigs, in order to control the nematode effectively.

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Bursaphelenchus xylophilus	Pine (Pinus)	Japan