Phytoparasitica (2001) 29, p. 266 (Reuven et al.)

Michal Reuven, M. Mor, Y. Szmulewich, Ina Kolesnik, A. Gamliel, Y. Mor and Y. Ben-Yephet (2001)
Control of Fusarium and of root-knot nematodes in carnations using steam or chemicals
Phytoparasitica 29 (3), 266-266
22nd Congress of the Israeli Phytopathological Society, February 12-13, 2001, Bet Dagan, Israel, lecture
Abstract: The most destructive soilborne pathogens of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) are Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica. A comparison between methyl bromide and soil steaming, Edigan (metam-sodium) or Basamid (dazomet) in controlling the two pathogens, was carried out in a naturally infested field. The field was divided into ten blocks of which five were fumigated with the liquid nematicide Telone (1,3-dichloropropene, 25 ml/m². Then, each of the ten blocks was treated with the five following treatments: control - irrigation with water, Edigan - 180 ml/m², Basamid - 60 g/m², soil steaming for 4-5 h using a negative pressure method, and methyl bromide - 70 g/m². Efficiency of the Fusarium control was determined by counting F.o. dianthi propagules in soil collected from three depth layers of each replicate: 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. The M. javanica population was qualitatively estimated on tomato roots planted in soil collected from the 0-20 cm layer. Three carnation varieties: 'Hermon' - highly susceptible, 'Lior' - susceptible, and 'Galit' - moderately resistant to F.o. dianthi, were planted at the end of June. Disease incidence of the two diseases was estimated at 14-day intervals from 90 to 180 days after planting. Propagule counts of F.o. dianthi with Edigan, steam or methyl bromide were below detection level in the three soil layers tested. Basamid was less effective as compared with the other treatments. Telone reduced gall incidence on tomato roots to below the detection level and F.o. dianthi counts by 20%. In control plots not treated with Telone, disease incidence caused by F.o. dianthi reached the maximal level faster and growth inhibition caused by M. javanica was greater as compared with control plots treated with Telone. Disease incidence by the two pathogens in methyl bromide plots with or without Telone was similar and very low. Steam or Edigan treatments were similar to methyl bromide in reducing disease incidence caused by F.o. dianthi but had only a partial effect on disease caused by nematodes. Addition of Telone fumigation improved nematode control in both treatments. Basamid was less efficient than Edigan in reducing disease incidence caused by F.o. dianthi or nematodes. Disease incidence caused by F.o. dianthi was the highest in var. 'Hermon' and the lowest in 'Galit'. In conclusion, steam or Edigan treatments with the addition of Telone reduce damage to carnations caused by F.o. dianthi and M. javanica.
Database assignments for author(s): Mishael Mor

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Meloidogyne javanica	Dianthus (genus)	Israel
	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi	Dianthus (genus)	Israel
	Fusarium oxysporum