Penicillium verrucosum

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Penicillium verrucosum Dierckx 1901

This fungus is widely distributed. It can form toxins like ochratoxin A (OTA) which might contaminate stored products like grain and can affect humans and animals. The limit set by health authorities for OTA in cereals eaten by adults is around 5 ng/g and about 0.5 ng/g for baby food. In surveys in Canada between 2011 and 2014, 5 out of 250 samples of stored wheat tested positive for OTA, with 3 samples exceeding 5 ng/g (Limay-Rios et al., 2017).