Mycopathologia (2000) 149, 13-19

F.D.O. Freire, Z. Kozakiewicz and R.R.M. Paterson (2000)
Mycoflora and mycotoxins in Brazilian black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nuts
Mycopathologia 149 (1), 13-19
Abstract: A wide range of field and storage fungi were isolated from black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nut kernels from Amazonia. A total of 42 species were isolated from both peppers. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were isolated more frequently from black than from white pepper. Other potential mycotoxigenic species isolated included: A. ochraceus, A. tamarii, A. versicolor, Emericella nidulans and Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. islandicum and P. glabrum. Species isolated from pepper for the first time were Acrogenospora sphaerocephala, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola, Lacellinopsis sacchari, Microascus cinereus, Petriella setifera and Sporormiella minima. Seventeen species were isolated from Brazil nut kernels. A. flavus was the dominant species followed by A. niger. P. citrinum and P. glabrum were the only penicillia isolated. Species isolated for the first time included Acremonium curvulum, Cunninghamella elegans, Exophiala sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudoallescheria boydii, Rhizopusoryzae, Scopulariopsis sp., Thielavia terricola and Trichoderma citrinoviride. Considerably more metabolites were detected from black than white pepper in qualitative analyses. Chaetocin, penitrem A, and xanthocillin were identified only from black pepper, and tenuazonic acid was identified from both black and white pepper. Aflatoxin G₂, chaetoglobosin C, and spinulosin were identified from poor quality brazil nuts. Aflatoxin B₁ and B₂ were also only detected in poor quality brazil nuts at concentrations of 27.1 µg kg^-1 and 2.1 µg kg^-1 respectively (total 29.2 µg g kg^-1).
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): R. Russell M. Paterson

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
surveys/sampling/distribution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Penicillium glabrum	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus flavus (plant/storage disease)	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus flavus (plant/storage disease)	Other stored food products
	Aspergillus niger	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus niger	Other stored food products
	Aspergillus ochraceus	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus ochraceus	Other stored food products
	Aspergillus versicolor	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus versicolor	Other stored food products
	Penicillium citrinum	Other stored food products
	Penicillium brevicompactum	Stored nuts
	Penicillium brevicompactum	Other stored food products
	Chaetomium globosum	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus tamarii	Stored nuts
	Aspergillus tamarii	Other stored food products