Horticultura Brasileira (2007) 25, 20-23

Leonardo Silva Boiteux, Valter Rodrigues Oliveira, Cézar Honório Silva, Nozomu Makishima, Alice K. Inoue-Nagata, Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca and Leonardo de Britto Giordano (2007)
Reaction of tomato hybrids carrying the Ty-1 locus to Brazilian bipartite Begomovirus species
Horticultura Brasileira 25 (1), 20-23
Abstract: The number of tomato-infecting begomoviruses has increased in Brazil after the introduction of the polyphagous vector Bemisia tabaci biotype B. The Ty-1 locus, introgressed from Lycopersicon chilense, controls tolerance to species of the monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) complex in Europe and the Middle East. However, little information is available about the Ty-1 effectiveness against species of the bipartite Begomovirus complex occurring in Brazil. Heterozygous (Ty-1/ty-1) and homozygous (ty-1/ty-1) hybrids were evaluated for reaction to Begomovirus isolates under open field conditions in two growing areas in Central Brazil. Test plants were evaluated under natural inoculation with high vector pressure. Evaluation was done using a disease assessment scale (DAS) varying from 1= no symptoms to 4= severe symptoms. Systemic infection was evaluated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 'universal' Begomovirus primers. In the trial #1, the hybrids (Ty-1/ty-1) and (ty-1/ty-1) had 35% and 95% of plants with symptoms and 75% and 100% of plants with positive PCR, respectively. In the trial #2, only 20% of the Ty-1/ty-1 hybrid plants were symptom-free with both hybrids displaying 100% of plants with positive PCR. This reaction of the Ty-1 hybrid to bipartite Begomovirus species was similar to that reported in Europe and the Middle East to the TYLCV complex with a large number of plants being neither virus-free nor symptom-free. On the other hand, symptom expression of the Ty-1 hybrid was significantly milder than ty-1/ty-1 hybrids in both trials (DAS = 1.35 vs. 2.70 for the trial #1 and DAS = 2.05 vs. 3.95 for the trial #2). Nucleotide sequencing indicated the presence of isolates genetically related to Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) in the trial #1 and a mixed infection of ToRMV and Tomato yellow vein streak virus in the trial #2. Therefore, the Ty-1 locus seems to control a "tolerance" response to distinct Begomovirus species. Resistance gene clusters is a common feature in the tomato genome, particularly at the chromosome 6 where Ty-1 is located. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to confirm if this tolerance to a range of begomoviruses is controlled by Ty-1 alone or a by the action of distinct, closely linked genes.
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Database assignments for author(s): Alice Kazuko Inoue-Nagata

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
resistance/tolerance/defence of host

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Tomato yellow leaf curl virus	Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)