Frontiers in Tropical Diseases (2022) 2022 (3 - 846955)

Guillermo A. García, Godwin Fuseini, Jose Antonio Mba Nlang, Valeriano Olo Nsue Maye, Nestor Rivas Bela, Rachel N. Wofford, Thomas A. Weppelmann, Graham Matulis, Prudencio Bibang Efiri, Jordan M. Smith, Matilde Riloha Rivas, Wonder Philip Phiri and Michael E. von Fricken (2022)
Evaluation of a multi-season, community-based larval source management program on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Frontiers in Tropical Diseases 2022 (3 - 846955)
Abstract:
Background: In 2015 and 2016, the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP) introduced a pilot larvicide program, which recruited local volunteers to assess the sustainability and effectiveness of community-led larval source management. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the community-led LSM program to determine if this type of intervention could be used as a sustainable malaria control method on Bioko Island.
Methods: The pilot program was split into two phases, both taking place between February and December, with phase I in 2015 and phase II in 2016. During phase I, the BIMCP team assisted in identifying and treating Anopheles species mosquito breeding habitats. During phase II, community volunteers, with supervision from designated community leaders, identified and treated breeding habitats. Larval source management took place at thirteen locations around the Island during both phases. Human landing catches were conducted at seven sentinel sites once every month for the duration of the study period to determine average nightly biting rates.
Results: During phase I, 1,033 breeding sites were identified with a 100% treatment coverage rate. Only 970 breeding sites were identified in phase II with a 75% treatment coverage rate, a significant decrease from phase I (p<0.001). Between phase I and phase II, larvicide usage also decreased by 45% (95% CI: 32, 59%, p=0.003). However, excluding the sentinel site Balboa, vector density showed a nonsignificant (p=0.272) relationship between phase I and phase II.
Conclusion: Overall, community-based larval source management can be effective with strong operational management and oversight. However, repeated training and evaluation will be necessary to monitor the effectiveness and sustainability of such interventions.
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Anopheles melas		Equatorial Guinea
	Anopheles coluzzii		Equatorial Guinea