European Journal of Plant Pathology (2006) 114, 67-75

Anna Stachowiak, Julia Olechnowicz, Malgorzata Jedryczka, Thierry Rouxel, Marie-Hélène Balesdent, Ingrid Happstadius, Peter Gladders, Akinwunmi Latunde-Dada and Neal Evans (2006)
Frequency of avirulence alleles in field populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in Europe
European Journal of Plant Pathology 114 (1), 67-75
Abstract: This paper describes the first large-scale Europe-wide survey of avirulence alleles and races of Leptosphaeria maculans. Isolates were collected from the spring rape cultivar Drakkar, with no known genes for resistance against L. maculans, at six experimental sites across the main oilseed rape growing regions of Europe, including the UK, Germany, Sweden and Poland. Additionally in Poland isolates were collected from cv. Darmor, which has resistance gene, Rlm9. In total, 603 isolates were collected during autumn in 2002 (287 isolates from Germany and the UK) and 2003 (316 isolates from Poland and Sweden). The identity of alleles at eight avirulence loci was determined for these isolates. No isolates had the virulence allele avrLm6 and three virulence alleles (avrLm2, avrLm3 and avrLm9) were present in all isolates. The isolates were polymorphic for AvrLm1, AvrLm4, AvrLm5 and AvrLm7 alleles, with virulence alleles at AvrLm1 and AvrLm4 loci and avirulence alleles at AvrLm7 and AvrLm5 loci predominant in populations. Virulent avrLm7 isolates were found at only one site in Sweden. Approximately 90% of all isolates belonged to one of two races (combinations of avirulence alleles), Av5-6-7 (77% of isolates) or Av6-7 (12%). Eight races were identified, with four races at frequencies less than 1%. The study suggested that Rlm6 and Rlm7 are still effective sources of resistance against L. maculans in oilseed rape in Europe. The results are comparable to those of a similar survey done in France in autumn 2000 and 2001.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Malgorzata Jedryczka, Neal Evans, Peter Gladders

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
resistance/tolerance/defence of host
general biology - morphology - evolution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Plenodomus lingam	Rape/canola (Brassica napus)	Germany
	Plenodomus lingam	Rape/canola (Brassica napus)	Poland
	Plenodomus lingam	Rape/canola (Brassica napus)	Sweden
	Plenodomus lingam	Rape/canola (Brassica napus)	United Kingdom