Environmental Entomology (1981) 10, 332-334

Antonio Rizza and Neal R. Spencer (1981)
Field tests with the musk thistle insects Trichosirocalus (Ceuthorhynchidius) horridus and Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus to determine their impact on artichoke
Environmental Entomology 10 (3), 332-334
Abstract: A series of field tests were conducted to clarify the specificity of Trichosirocalus (Ceuthorhynchidius) horridus and Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (Curculionidae) to Carduus thistles, one of their natural hosts in Europe. Adult feeding on artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. was recorded, however, the amount was insignificant, and the insects were unable to complete their development. T. horridus has been released in the U.S. for the biological control of musk thistle and C. trimaculatus is under consideration for release.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
non-target effects/fate in environm.
classical biocontrol/new introduction

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Carduus nutans (weed)		Italy
Trichosirocalus horridus (weed bioagent)	Carduus nutans (weed)		Italy
Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (weed bioagent)	Carduus nutans (weed)		Italy