BioControl (2007) 52, 339-350

T.J. McAvoy, G.M.G. Zilahi-Balogh, S.M. Salom, L.T. Kok and Z. Guoliang (2007)
Development and feeding of Tetraphleps galchanoides , a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid
BioControl 52 (3), 339-350
Abstract: Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) nymphs were collected from hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) infested Tsuga sp. in Baoxing, Sichuan, China. First and second stage nymphs collected from foliage shipped from China; were reared to adults and tested for feeding rates and host preferences. They were reared at 5, 8, 12, and 15 ± 1 °C from November to December, January to March, April, and May to June, respectively, in the quarantine laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. At 8 °C, development time was 15, 20, and 40 days for the N-III, IV, and V nymphal stages, respectively. Adult males lived 83 days with a range of 21-147 days. A single adult female lived for 21 days. At 5 °C, second stage T. galchanoides nymphs consumed 0.8 HWA nymphs per day, and 2.0 HWA nymphs per day at the N-V stage. At 8 °C, consumption of HWA nymphs ranged from 1.3 to 3.4 nymphs per day for the N-III to N-V stages, respectively. Adult T. galchanoides consumed more HWA eggs than HWA adults, pine bark adelgid (PBA) Pineus strobi (Hartig) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) adults, and eggs in no-choice tests. In choice tests with HWA eggs and PBA eggs, more HWA eggs were eaten. Adult and nymph body measurements are presented for determination of nymphal instars.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Thomas J. McAvoy, Loke T. Kok, Scott M. Salom

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
general biology - morphology - evolution
non-target effects/fate in environm.

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Adelges tsugae	Hemlock (Tsuga)	China (south)
Tetraphleps galchanoides (predator)	Adelges tsugae	Hemlock (Tsuga)	China (south)