Badnavirus etainflatheobromae
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cacao with symptoms of infection by the cacao swollen shoot disease (click on image to enlarge it)
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Badnavirus etainflatheobromae
Assigned virus:
• cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV)
Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV) is associated with a serious disease of cacao in western Africa, the cacao swollen shoot disease. The virus has been referred as "Cacao swollen shoot virus" before 2018. Sequencing of the DNA genome of CSSTBV revealed a size of 7161 bp and five open reading frames.
The cacao swollen shoot disease is caused by several other viruses. It is endemic in forest trees of western Africa and is transmitted by various species of mealybugs as well as through seeds. The symptoms of the disease include swelling of the shoots and roots as well as reddish leaves. Severe strains can kill cacao trees within 2 years.
