Annals of the Entomological Society of America (2016) 109, 81-91

Marie-Claude Bon, Kim A. Hoelmer, Charles H. Pickett, Alan A. Kirk, Yurong He, Riaz Mahmood and Kent M. Daane (2016)
Populations of Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoids in Himalayan Asia
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 109 (1), 81-91
Abstract: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi, is a worldwide pest of olives. To discover new parasitoids for a biological control program in California, olives were collected from various locations in the Himalayan foothills (China, Nepal, India, Pakistan) as part of a comprehensive search for B. oleae throughout its range. Wild olives, Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata, were sparsely distributed and B. oleae-infested olives were scarce. Wild olives were most widespread in Pakistan where fly infestation reached 30%. Infested olives in southwestern China were rare, reaching only 5%. Flies were identified morphologically as B. oleae, the first record from China. No B. oleae were recovered from India or Nepal. Mitochondrial gene sequences from NADH dehydrogenase (ND1), cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and 16S rRNA were obtained from flies and compared with B. oleae sequences in GenBank. A single mitochondrial haplotype was found in Chinese flies. Chinese B. oleae represent a maternal lineage based on ND1 and COX1 that is highly divergent from other B. oleae. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on the concatenated dataset of B. oleae sequences with sequences of two close subcongeners, Bactrocera biguttula (Bezzi) and Bactrocera munroi White, and analysis of delineation of species boundaries using the genealogical sorting index, supported the idea that Chinese flies share recent common ancestry with B. oleae. Flies were parasitized by braconid wasps, Psyttalia ponerophaga (Silvestri) in Pakistan, and a Diachasmimorpha species in China. Our survey reinforces the possibility of finding new biocontrol agents of olive fruit fly in the Himalayan region.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Kim A. Hoelmer, Kent M. Daane, Marie-Claude Bon, Alan A. Kirk, Charles H. Pickett

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
surveys/sampling/distribution
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
surveys/distribution/isolation

---

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Bactrocera oleae	Olive (Olea europaea)	China (south)
	Bactrocera oleae	Olive (Olea europaea)	India
	Bactrocera oleae	Olive (Olea europaea)	Nepal
	Bactrocera oleae	Olive (Olea europaea)	Pakistan
Psyttalia ponerophaga (parasitoid)	Bactrocera oleae		Pakistan