Agronomy Journal (2000) 92, 1125-1134

Clarence J. Swanton, Jian Zhong Huang, Anil Shrestha, Matthijs Tollenaar, William Deen and Hamid Rahimian (2000)
Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the phenological development of barnyardgrass
Agronomy Journal 92 (6), 1125-1134
Abstract: An understanding of the environmental variables influencing the phenological development of weeds is essential for simulation model development. Temperature and photoperiod are important variables governing the phenological development of weeds. Growth cabinet studies were conducted to characterize the phenological development of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] in response to variations in temperature and photoperiod and to determine the duration of the juvenile phase and the effect of temperature and photoperiod on reproductive development. Barnyardgrass was adapted to a temperature range of 6.5 to 52°C. Phenological development of barnyardgrass was described in terms of thermal days (cumulative day degrees above a base temperature for leaf appearance, tiller appearance, and shoot elongation). For modeling purposes, three development phases of barnyardgrass at a constant temperature of 20°C were described: (i) a juvenile phase of 1.5 thermal days; (ii) a photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase of 4.1 thermal days; and (iii) a photoperiod-sensitive postinductive phase of 19.5 thermal days. Photoperiod sensitivity of barnyardgrass did not differ with stage of development when expressed as a rate. Interpretation of constant sensitivity to photoperiod will simplify simulation of weed phenology in mechanistic models.
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Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Clarence J. Swanton, Anil Shrestha, William Deen

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
general biology - morphology - evolution
population dynamics/ epidemiology

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Echinochloa crus-galli (weed)