Sipha maydis
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Sipha maydis Passerini, 1860 - (barley aphid, hedgehog grain aphid)
This aphid is found in many countries and infests the young leaves of cereals and grasses. For example, important host plants are barley, wheat and sorghum. The colonies live on the upper side of the leaves near the base and are tended by ants. Infestations result in chlorosis that spreads beyond the feeding site, indicating the involvement of a toxin. It is also a vector of several viruses like the Barley yellow dwarf viruses.
The original distribution range of S. maydis included temperate and subtropical parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. It was first recorded from Argentina in 2002 and from North America in 2007. It is still expanding its distribution in this continent. Populations do not survive extreme winter temperatures (Puterka et al., 2019).
The wingless adult stage is flat, shiny dark brown to black and around 1½ mm long. The nymphs are greenish to brownish. All forms are covered by bristles.
