Journal of Pest Science (2014) 87, 469-483

Christos G. Athanassiou and Nickolas G. Kavallieratos (2014)
Evaluation of spinetoram and spinosad for control of Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, and Tribolium confusum on stored grains under laboratory tests
Journal of Pest Science 87 (3), 469-483
Abstract: Spinetoram and spinosad have been evaluated against certain stored-product insect pests with success but there are no data available on the comparison of the efficacy of these two novel compounds in stored grains. Thus, laboratory bioassays were conducted to compare spinetoram and spinosad as grain protectants against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults, and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae. Factors such as treatment (1ppm spinetoram, 1ppm spinosad, 0.1ppm spinetoram+0.9ppm spinosad, 0.5ppm spinetoram+0.5ppm spinosad, and 0.9ppm spinetoram+0.1ppm spinosad), exposure interval (1, 2, 7, and 14days), temperature (20, 25, and 30°C), and commodity (barley, maize, rye, and wheat) were evaluated. Progeny production was assessed after 60days of exposure. Concerning temperatures, for P. truncatus adults, after 14days of exposure, all adults were dead in treatments except of the case of spinosad alone at 20°C. Offspring emergence was completely suppressed in all treatments at 20 and 25°C. For R. dominica adults, after 7days of exposure, the overall mortality ranged from 92.8 to 100%. After 14days of exposure, all adults were dead in all treatments of the combined use of spinetoram and spinosad at 25 and 30°C. Progeny production was completely suppressed in all treatments at 30°C. For S. oryzae adults, after 7days of exposure, all S. oryzae were died at 25 and 30°C in all treatments except in the case of spinosad alone. Offspring emergence was very low in all treatments and temperatures except in the case of spinosad alone at 30°C. For T. confusum adults, after 1, 2, and 7days of exposure, the overall mortality was low in all treatments and temperatures. Concerning commodities, for R. dominica adults, after 7 and 14days of exposure, the overall mortality was >97%. Offspring emergence was very low in all commodities. For S. oryzae adults, after 7 and 14days of exposure, the overall mortality was increased exceeding 91% except in the case of spinosad alone 7days after exposure in barley. Progeny production was high in barley and rye in all treatments. For T. confusum adults, after 7 and 14days, the overall mortality was low in barley, rye, and wheat. No offspring emergence was recorded in all treatments and commodities. For T. confusum larvae, after 14days of exposure mortality was further increased, but did not reach 100% for any of the combinations tested. The results of the present study suggest that the simultaneous application of spinetoram and spinosad was generally equally effective with the use of either spinosad or spinetoram alone. Furthermore, the increase of dose of either compound resulted in the same mortality levels. Thus, no benefits were achieved when spinetoram and spinosad were used simultaneously on grains, regardless of the proportion of each ingredient. These issues should be seriously considered when control measures against stored-product insects are designed.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Nickolas G. Kavallieratos

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Tribolium confusum
	Sitophilus oryzae
	Rhyzopertha dominica
	Prostephanus truncatus