PLoS ONE (2013) 8 (12 - e82103)

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Emilie Deletre, Thibaud Martin, Pascal Campagne, Denis Bourguet, Andy Cadin, Chantal Menut, Romain Bonafos and Fabrice Chandre (2013)
Repellent, irritant and toxic effects of 20 plant extracts on adults of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae mosquito
PLoS ONE 8 (12 - e82103)
Abstract: Pyrethroid insecticides induce an excito-repellent effect that reduces contact between humans and mosquitoes. Insecticide use is expected to lower the risk of pathogen transmission, particularly when impregnated on long-lasting treated bednets. When applied at low doses, pyrethroids have a toxic effect, however the development of pyrethroid resistance in several mosquito species may jeopardize these beneficial effects. The need to find additional compounds, either to kill disease-carrying mosquitoes or to prevent mosquito contact with humans, therefore arises. In laboratory conditions, the effects (i.e., repellent, irritant and toxic) of 20 plant extracts, mainly essential oils, were assessed on adults of Anopheles gambiae, a primary vector of malaria. Their effects were compared to those of DEET and permethrin, used as positive controls. Most plant extracts had irritant, repellent and/or toxic effects on An. gambiae adults. The most promising extracts, i.e. those combining the three types of effects, were from Cymbopogon winterianus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Thymus vulgaris. The irritant, repellent and toxic effects occurred apparently independently of each other, and the behavioural response of adult An. gambiae was significantly influenced by the concentration of the plant extracts. Mechanisms underlying repellency might, therefore, differ from those underlying irritancy and toxicity. The utility of the efficient plant extracts for vector control as an alternative to pyrethroids may thus be envisaged.
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Database assignments for author(s): Emilie Deletre, Denis Bourguet, Thibaud Martin, Fabrice Chandre, Romain Bonafos

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Beneficial Pest/Disease/Weed Crop/Product Country Quarant.


Anopheles gambiae Kenya
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