Molecular Ecology (2008) 17, 4446-4458

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Michael G. Milgroom, Kiril Sotirovski, Domenico Spica, Joanne E. Davis, Marin T. Brewer, Milko Milev and Paolo Cortesi (2008)
Clonal population structure of the chestnut blight fungus in expanding ranges in southeastern Europe
Molecular Ecology 17 (20), 4446-4458
Abstract: Expanding populations are often less genetically diverse at their margins than at the centre of a species' range. Established, older populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, are more variable for vegetative compatibility (vc) types than in expanding populations in southeastern Europe where C. parasitica has colonized relatively recently. To test whether vc types represent clones, we genotyped 373 isolates of C. parasitica from southern Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece and Turkey using 11 sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Ten SCAR loci and six vegetative incompatibility (vic) loci were polymorphic in these samples. These populations are clonal by all criteria tested: (i) among 373 isolates, we found only eight multilocus haplotypes, and the same haplotypes were found in multiple countries, sometimes separated in time by as much as 12 years; (ii) the number of haplotypes observed was significantly less than expected under random mating; (iii) populations are in linkage disequilibrium; (iv) the two sets of independent markers, SCARs and vc types, are highly correlated; and (v) sexual structures of C. parasitica were found only in Bulgaria and Romania. One mating type (MAT-1) was found in 98% of the isolates sampled. In contrast, a population in northern Italy, in the central part of the range in Europe, had 12 multilocus haplotypes among 19 isolates. The spread of a few clones could be the result either of founder effect and restricted migration, or these clones have greater fitness than others and spread because they are better adapted to conditions in southeastern Europe.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Michael G. Milgroom, Paolo Cortesi, Marin Talbot Brewer, Kiril Sotirovski

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
molecular biology - genes
population dynamics/ epidemiology

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial Pest/Disease/Weed Crop/Product Country Quarant.


Cryphonectria parasitica Bulgaria
Cryphonectria parasitica Greece
Cryphonectria parasitica Italy
"Macedonia" is not in the list of possible values ((no record), Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba and Curacao, Ascension Is., Australia (Christmas Is.), Australia (Macquarie Is.), Australia (Norfolk Is.), Australia (NT+QLD), Australia (South+SE), Australia (Western), Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda Islands, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil (NE), Brazil (NW), Brazil (south), British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada (east), Canada (west), Cape Verde Islands, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile (continental), Chile (Easter Isl.), China (NE), China (NW), China (south), Colombia, Comoros Islands, Congo-Democratic Republic, Congo-Republic, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Costa Rica (Cocos Isl.), Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Denmark (Føroyar), Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador (continental), Ecuador (Galapagos), Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji Islands, Finland, France, France (S Ind. Ocean), French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, India (Andaman + Nicobar), Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Japan (Bonin Is.), Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea-North, Korea-South, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marquesas, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte Island, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau Islands, Palestinian Territories, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Island (Pacific), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (continental), Portugal (Madeira), Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion Island, Romania, Russia (E Asia), Russia (Eur.), Russia (W Asia), Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Africa (Prince Edward Is.), South Georgia, Spain (Baleares), Spain (Canary Is.), Spain (continental), Sri Lanka, Sudan, Surinam, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau Islands, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tristan da Cunha Islands, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Isl., Tuvalu, U.S.A. (Alaska), U.S.A. (Hawaii), U.S.A. (mid N), U.S.A. (mid S), U.S.A. (NE), U.S.A. (NW), U.S.A. (SE), U.S.A. (SW), Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Kingdom (Shetland), United States Virgin Isl., Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna Isl., Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, Falkland Islands, North Macedonia, Eswatini) for this property.
"Macedonia" is not in the list of possible values ((no record), Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba and Curacao, Ascension Is., Australia (Christmas Is.), Australia (Macquarie Is.), Australia (Norfolk Is.), Australia (NT+QLD), Australia (South+SE), Australia (Western), Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda Islands, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil (NE), Brazil (NW), Brazil (south), British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada (east), Canada (west), Cape Verde Islands, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile (continental), Chile (Easter Isl.), China (NE), China (NW), China (south), Colombia, Comoros Islands, Congo-Democratic Republic, Congo-Republic, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Costa Rica (Cocos Isl.), Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Denmark (Føroyar), Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador (continental), Ecuador (Galapagos), Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji Islands, Finland, France, France (S Ind. Ocean), French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, India (Andaman + Nicobar), Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Japan (Bonin Is.), Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea-North, Korea-South, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marquesas, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte Island, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau Islands, Palestinian Territories, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Island (Pacific), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (continental), Portugal (Madeira), Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion Island, Romania, Russia (E Asia), Russia (Eur.), Russia (W Asia), Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Africa (Prince Edward Is.), South Georgia, Spain (Baleares), Spain (Canary Is.), Spain (continental), Sri Lanka, Sudan, Surinam, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau Islands, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tristan da Cunha Islands, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Isl., Tuvalu, U.S.A. (Alaska), U.S.A. (Hawaii), U.S.A. (mid N), U.S.A. (mid S), U.S.A. (NE), U.S.A. (NW), U.S.A. (SE), U.S.A. (SW), Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Kingdom (Shetland), United States Virgin Isl., Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Wallis and Futuna Isl., Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, Falkland Islands, North Macedonia, Eswatini) for this property.
|- 		Cryphonectria parasitica Macedonia
Cryphonectria parasitica Romania
Cryphonectria parasitica Turkey
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