View source for Hypothenemus hampei

{{TaxLinks|LnkHypothenemus}}
{{LiteratureDBX|{{PAGENAME}}|2005|browse,Ccountrylnk,Pcrops,AbenefialsN}}
[[File:IPMimage1355052.jpg|250px|thumb|''Hypothenemus hampei'' scanning EM image (colorized by Chris Pooley)<br/>Author: Eric Erbe, USDA Agricultural Research Service<br/>Source: [http://www.ipmimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1355052 IPM Images]]]
[[File:Hypothenemus hampei Insects 2017 123.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Hypothenemus hampei'' larvae in coffee berry<br/>Authors: Luis F. Aristizábal, Melissa Johnson, Suzanne Shriner, Robert Hollingsworth, Nicholas C. Manoukis, Roxana Myers, Paul Bayman and Steven P. Arthurs<br/>Source: [https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8040123 Insects (2017), art. 123]]]
'''''<font color="#800000">Hypothenemus hampei''</font>''' (Ferrari, 1867) - (coffee berry borer)

The beetle has a world-wide distribution in coffee-growing regions and is an important pest of that crop. The beetles breed inside the developing coffee berries and reduce the yield and quality of the coffee. Attacked berries often drop to the ground before they are harvested. In Jamaica, the yield losses due to this pest have been estimated at 20% for the 1980/81 season. Infestation levels of more than 50% have been reported from several countries.

''H. hampei'' is of African origin and has spread to South America in the 1920s and to Central America in the 1970s. Around 80 countries are affected now. The beetle disperses through the shipment of green coffee berries. The development from egg, through 2 larvael instars to adult lasts between 4 weeks and several months. There may be 3-5 generations per year.
{{VN
|de=Kaffeekirschenkäfer
|en=coffee berry borer
|es=broca del café<br/>barrenillo del grano del café
|fr=scolyte du grain de café
|pt=broca-do-café
}}
Control of the coffee berry borer is difficult because it spends most of its life inside the coffee berries. The most practical method involves removing and destroying infested berries which have fallen to the ground. However, this is extremely labour intensive. Several methods are also recommended to prevent beetles escaping from the harvested berries and re-infesting a plantation. These include keeping the berries in closed containers with a sticky substance on the inner lid surface, as well as treating the pulp residues after the pulping and washing process. Pesticides are also used and biological control agents are available. Several parasitoids have been widely released against the coffee berry borer (e.g. [[Cephalonomia stephanoderis (parasitoid)|''Cephalonomia stephanoderis]], [[Prorops nasuta (parasitoid)|''Prorops nasuta'']] and [[Phymastichus coffea (parasitoid)|''Phymastichus coffea'']]). However, their impact has been limited.

The adults are hairy and black with a slightly reddish prothorax. The female is around 2.5 mm long, the male 1.6 mm. Typically, there is a 10:1 ratio of females to males, apparently due to ''Wolbachia'' infections. Females can fly short distances, but males are apterous and mate inside the berries they have developed.

For a reviews see [[Insects (2017) 8 (4 - 123)|Aristizabal et al. (2017)]] and [[Bulletin of Entomological Research (2006) 96, 223-233|Jaramillo et al. (2006)]].


<gallery widths=200px caption="Other images of Hypothenemus hampei (PaDIL - click to enlarge)">
File:Hypothenemus_hampei_PaDIL135990a.jpg|mounted adult
File:Hypothenemus_hampei_PaDIL135990b.jpg|details of head
File:Hypothenemus_hampei_PaDIL135990c.jpg|posterior view
</gallery>
[[Category:Hypothenemus (genus)]]