Viruses (2022) 14 (11 - 2347)

Eva Várallyay, Jaroslava Pribylová, Zsuzsanna Nagyne Galbacs, Almash Jahan, Tunde Varga, Josef Spak, Ondrej Lenz, Jana Fránová, Jirí Sedlák and Igor Koloniuk (2022)
Detection of Apple hammerhead viroid, apple luteovirus 1 and Citrus concave gum-associated virus in apple propagation materials and orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary
Viruses 14 (11 - 2347)
Abstract: Grafting cultivars onto rootstocks is a widely used practice by the apple industry predominantly aimed at faster fruit bearing. Using high-throughput sequencing, we revealed the presence of recently described viral agents, namely apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd), apple luteovirus 1 (ALV-1), and citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV), in germplasm collections and production orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary. The HTS results were validated with RT-(q)PCR, and Northern blotting techniques. To obtain further insight about the presence of these agents, RT-PCR based surveys were carried out and showed their widespread presence alone or in mixed infections. The pathogens were present both in production areas and in feral samples. In addition, rootstock-to-scion transmission of ALV-1 and CCGaV was confirmed using commercial rootstock materials. Phylogenetic relationships based on partial sequences of distinct variants were also investigated. Furthermore, the rosy apple aphid was found to be ALV-1-positive, suggesting that it might be a potential vector of the virus.
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Database assignments for author(s): Josef Spak, Jana Fránová

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
surveys/sampling/distribution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Apple hammerhead viroid	Apple (Malus)	Czech Republic
	Apple hammerhead viroid	Apple (Malus)	Hungary
	Luteovirus mali	Apple (Malus)	Czech Republic
	Luteovirus mali	Apple (Malus)	Hungary
	Coguvirus citri	Apple (Malus)	Czech Republic
	Coguvirus citri	Apple (Malus)	Hungary