Phytoparasitica (2002) 30, p. 207 (Ohsawa)

Kanju Ohsawa (2002)
Utilization of natural products for development of insect control agents
Phytoparasitica 30 (2), 207-207
2nd Israel - Japan Workshop - Ecologically Sound New Plant Protection Technologies, Sept. 1 - 6, 2001, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract: Plants provide abundant sources of secondary metabolites possessing biological activities against insects. In recent years the most detailed studies of the effects of a natural product on insect behavior and physiology have been those conducted with azadirachtin from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Tropical countries have been shown to provide a rich source of plants containing various bioactive substances. The latter are the direct source of insect-regulating chemicals and are used as leading structures for the development of new insect control chemicals. Plant selection for screening was based on three criteria: (i) genera or family of plants which have been reported to be effective against insects, such as Annonaceae and Meliaceae; (ii) plants used in traditional medicine, such as Zingiberaceae; and (iii) random selection. Annonaceae have yielded many potent bioactive components with antifeedant and insecticidal activities against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Squamocin and its related compound, acetogenin, were identified as insect-regulating compounds for Annona glabra, etc. The extracts of Agraia harmsiana and Swietenia mahogani (Meliaceae) showed very high antifeedant and mortality effects against the diamondback moth and the cabbage webworm Crocidolomia binotalis. Neem, with azadirachtin as its main active principle, is widely known for its insect-regulating activities. The active principle from A. harmsiana was identified as rocaglamide and its related compound. Plants of the Zingiberaceae are very well known for their medicinal properties. 1'- acetoxychavicol acetate was purified from Alpinia galanga as an insecticidal component. The efficacy of plant extracts was evaluated against larvae of the diamondback moth and the cabbage webworm, in cabbage cultivation in Indonesia. Treatment with A. galanga and Gomphrena globosa extracts at 0.5% against the diamondback moth significantly reduced larval density and the percentage of infested plants, but was not effective in reducing the cabbage webworm larval density or the intensity of cabbage damage.

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Plutella xylostella	Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)	Indonesia
	Crocidolomia pavonana	Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)	Indonesia