Pest Management Science (2023) 79, 989-995

Inge M. Krijger, Max Strating, Marga van Gent-Pelzer, Theo A.J. van der Lee, Sara A. Burt, Fleur H. Schroeten, Robin de Vries, Marieke de Cock, Miriam Maas and Bastiaan G. Meerburg (2023)
Large-scale identification of rodenticide resistance in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus in the Netherlands based on Vkorc1 codon 139 mutations
Pest Management Science 79 (3), 989-995
Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Resistance to rodenticides has been reported globally and poses a considerable problem for efficacy in pest control. The most-documented resistance to rodenticides in commensal rodents is associated with mutations in the Vkorc1 gene, in particular in codon 139. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides has been reported in the Netherlands since 1989. A study from 2013 showed that 25% of 169 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) had a mutation at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene. To gain insight in the current status of rodenticide resistance amongst R. norvegicus and house mice Mus musculus in the Netherlands, we tested these rodents for mutations in codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene. In addition, we collected data from pest controllers on their use of rodenticides and experience with rodenticide resistance.
RESULTS
A total of 1801 rodent samples were collected throughout the country consisting of 1404 R. norvegicus and 397 M. musculus. In total, 15% of R. norvegicus [95% confidence interval (CI): 13–17%] and 38% of M. musculus (95% CI: 33–43%) carried a genetic mutation at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates genetic mutations at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene in M. musculus in the Netherlands. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides is present in R. norvegicus and M. musculus in multiple regions in the Netherlands. The results of this comprehensive study provide a baseline and facilitate trend analyses of Vkorc1 codon 139 mutations and evaluation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies as these are enrolled in the Netherlands.
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Full text of article
Database assignments for author(s): Marga P.E. van Gent-Pelzer, Sara A. Burt, Bastiaan G. Meerburg

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
pesticide resistance of pest

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Mus musculus		Netherlands
	Rattus norvegicus		Netherlands