Litylenchus crenatae

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symptoms of Litylenchus crenatae infection on beech leaves causing the beech leaf disease (click on image to enlarge it)
Author(s): Matthew Borden
Source: IPM Images
female of Litylenchus crenatae (click on image to enlarge it)
Author(s): Joe Mowery
Source: USDA/ARS Images

Litylenchus crenatae Kanzaki et al., 2018 - (beech leaf disease)

The beech leaf disease was first reported in 2012 from Ohio, U.S. as an unidentified disease of American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia), showing interveinal darkening of the leaves (banding) or deformation, darkening, and leaf thickening (crinkling). Eventually, it leads to canopy senescence and tree mortality. The disease has spread to other States of north-eastern North America and affects other Fagus species.

The foliar nematode Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii has been found associated with the disease and is regarded as the main causal agent. However, other microorganisms may also be involved in the disease (e.g. see Ewing et al., 2021).