Journal of Integrated Pest Management (2022) 13 (1 - pmac015)

Kier D. Klepzig, Jessica A. Hartshorn, Alexandra Tsalickis and Thomas N. Sheehan (2022)
Eye gnat (Liohippelates, Diptera: Chloropidae) biology, ecology, and management: Past, present, and future
Journal of Integrated Pest Management 13 (1 - pmac015)
Abstract: Eye gnats (mainly Liohippelates pusio and Liohippelates collusor) are pest species that have been the subject of considerable research and extension activity in the United States since the 1930s. They cause considerable discomfort and stress—and may transmit pathogens—to humans and animals. We reviewed the abundant literature on biological, ecological, and management aspects of Liohippelates eye gnats. Eye gnat biology and life cycles have been well studied in agricultural systems. However, their ecology, roles in trophic cascades, and functions in natural ecosystems, particularly forests, are not well documented. Additionally, there remain opportunities to improve traps, repellents, deterrents, and controls for eye gnats. The substantial and substantive early work on these insects provides a strong foundation for future investigations and extension.
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Full text of article
Database assignments for author(s): Jessica A. Hartshorn

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
review

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Liohippelates collusor		U.S.A. (SW)
	Liohippelates collusor		United States Virgin Isl.
	Liohippelates collusor		U.S.A. (Hawaii)
	Liohippelates pusio		U.S.A. (SW)
	Liohippelates pusio		Puerto Rico
	Liohippelates pusio		U.S.A. (mid S)
	Liohippelates pusio		U.S.A. (SE)
	Liohippelates pusio		Canada (west)