Journal of Economic Entomology (2003) 96, 1345-1351

Rizana Mahroof, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, James E. Throne and Anil Menon (2003)
Time-mortality relationships for Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) life stages exposed to elevated temperatures
Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (4), 1345-1351
Abstract: The use of elevated temperatures (> 40-60°C) or heat treatments for managing insects in food-processing facilities is a viable alternative to space fumigation with methyl bromide. Quantitative data are lacking on the responses of life stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), an important pest of food-processing facilities worldwide, to elevated temperatures used during heat treatments. We determined time-mortality relationships for eggs, young (neonate) larvae, old larvae, pupae, and adults of T. castaneum, exposed to constant temperatures of 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, and 60°C. Generally, mortality of each stage increased with an increase in temperature and exposure time. Young larvae were the most heat-tolerant stage, especially at temperatures > 50°C. Exposure for a minimum of 7.2 h at > 50°C was required to kill 99% of young larvae, whereas the other stages required < 1.8 h. Heat treatments that control young larvae should control all other stages of T. castaneum, and young larvae should be used as test insects to evaluate efficacy against T. castaneum during an actual facility heat treatment. These results provide the basis for successful use of elevated temperatures for management of T. castaneum life stages associated with food-processing facilities.
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Database assignments for author(s): Bhadriraju Subramanyam, James E. Throne, Rizana M. Mahroof

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general
general biology - morphology - evolution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Tribolium castaneum