Journal of Economic Entomology (2000) 93, 1076-1079

David C. Robacker, Jose A. Garcia and Adelaido J. Martinez (2000)
Lack of toxicity to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) of ß-exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin preparations
Journal of Economic Entomology 93 (4), 1076-1079
Abstract: ß-Exotoxin (thuringiensin) was found in high titers in centrifugation supernatants and acetone/lactose powders produced from centrifugation pellets of strains Guat 1 and HD 2 of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). Diets containing powders of either strain were toxic, diets containing Guat 1 supernatant were not toxic, diets containing HD 2 supernatant were slightly toxic, and diets containing powders or supernatants from uninoculated culturing medium spiked with ß-exotoxin were not toxic. Most mortality occurred within 3 d when flies fed on powders but not until 6–7 d when flies fed on HD 2 supernatant. These results indicated that the primary toxic principals of the powders were endotoxins/spores and that ß-exotoxin alone was not toxic to adult flies at the concentrations found in the supernatants or powders.
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Link to article at publishers website

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
general biology - morphology - evolution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Anastrepha ludens
Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis (entomopathogen)	Anastrepha ludens